In addition to the PTSD diagnosis, ICD-10 has introduced a separate diagnostic entity called enduring personality change after catastrophic experience (DF62.0) that includes a hostile understanding of the surroundings, social withdrawal and a sensation of being under constant threat. PTSD is commonly associated with depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol/drug dependency and personality disorders. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that arises from the experience of a traumatic event of an exceptionally threatening character, which is likely to cause distress in almost anyone as defined in ICD-10.
This implies that most refugees have been exposed to traumatic events such as persecution, imprisonment, torture, violence and loss of family members, and additionally traumas due to fleeing from their countries of origin. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention defines a refugee as “ someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion”. An inevitable consequence is that people have to flee their homes and become refugees. The study points to the difficulties distinguishing psychotic features from flashbacks and the authors call for attention to psychotic features in PTSD patients in order to improve documentation and understanding of the disorder.ĭisasters and wars take place continuously. This study provides an estimation of PTSD-SP prevalence in a clinical refugee population with PTSD. Furthermore the PTSD-SP group included significantly more patients exposed to torture ( P = 0.001) and imprisonment ( P = 0.005). There were significantly more patients diagnosed with enduring personality change after catastrophic experience in the PTSD-SP group than in the PTSD group ( P = 0.009). The majority of symptoms identified were auditory hallucinations (66.2%) and persecutory delusions (50.0%). One hundred eighty-one patients were diagnosed with PTSD among which psychotic symptoms were identified in 74 (40.9, 95% CI 33.7–48.1%). A categorisation and description of the secondary psychotic features was undertaken. Psychiatric records from 220 consecutive patients at Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry (CTP) were examined, and all the PTSD patients were divided into two groups one group with secondary psychotic features (PTSD-SP group) and one without (PTSD group). The aim of this study was to illustrate the characteristics and estimate the prevalence of psychotic features in a clinical population of trauma-affected refugees with PTSD. A previously published case report from such a facility in Denmark shows that some patients suffer from secondary psychotic symptoms alongside their PTSD. In Denmark there are different facilities specialised in psychiatric treatment of trauma-affected refugees. This study was unable to look for risk factors associated with PPE.A substantial amount of refugees (10–30%) suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The hallucinations that manifest are visual and auditory hallucinations. Both PPE subjects had female gender, young onset of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy to psychosis for 6 and 23 years, uncontrolled seizure frequency, history of status epilepticus, temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome and hippocampal sclerosis with focal lateralization to bilateral and left as well as use of polytherapy.Ĭonclusion: The incidence of PPE was 5.9% with delusions in the form of paranoid and bizzare. The prevalence of PPE was 5.9%, with clinical features of psychosis are hallucinations (auditory and visual) and delusions (paranoid and bizzare). From the psychotic section of the MINI ICD-10, there were 10 people who experienced psychotic symptoms and 2 subjects experienced disability. Results: The number of subjects obtained was 34 subjects.
Results are confirmed by psychiatrist to diagnose PPE. Subjects are focal epilepsy patient who willing to participate then interviewed using the MINI-ICD 10 psychotic section to screen for psychotic symptoms. Method: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional in patients with focal epilepsy at the RSCM Neurology outpatient clinic. This study aims to determine the incidence clinical features and related factors of PPE in focal epilepsy. PPE often associated with impaired psychosocial functioning and patient well-being. Risk factors for PPE include early onset of epilepsy, uncontrolled epilepsy, history of status epilepticus, left temporal epileptogenic focus, hippocampal sclerosis, and family history of psychosis. The clinical features of PPE are hallucinations and dominant delusions with disability. Background: The prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy (PPE) is 15 times higher than general population.
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